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Lesson 37--- ADJECTIVE + TO
Lesson37: ADJECTIVE + TO
 
A. Difficult to understand etc.

Compare sentences a and b:
* Jim doesn't speak very clearly. It is difficult to understand him. (a)
* Jim doesn't speak very clearly. He is difficult to understand. (b)

Sentences a and b have the same meaning. But note that we say:
* He is difficult to understand. (not 'He is difficult to understand him.')
You can use the structures in the box with:

difficult easy hard impossible dangerous safe expensive cheap and a number
of other adjectives (for example, nice/interesting/exciting):

* Do you think it is safe to drink this water?
* Do you think this water is safe to drink? (not 'to drink it')
* Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it. (= to read your writing)
* Your writing is impossible to read. (not 'to read it')
* I like being with Jill. It's very interesting to talk to her.
* Jill is very interesting to talk to. (not 'to talk to her')

* You can also use this structure with an adjective + noun:
* This is a difficult question (for me) to answer. (not 'to answer it')

B. (It's) nice (of you) to...

You can use this structure to say what you think of what somebody does:
* It was nice of you to take me to the station. Thank you very much.
You can use many other adjectives in this way. For example:
kind clever sensible mean silly stupid careless unfair considerate:
* It's silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money.
* I think it was very unfair of him to criticise me.

C. (I'm) sorry to ...

You can use this structure to say how somebody reacts to something:
* I was sorry to hear that your father is ill.

You can use many other adjectives in this way. For example:

happy glad pleased delighted sad disappointed surprisedamazed
astonished relieved:

* Was Tom surprised to see you when you went to see him?
* We were delighted to get your letter last week.

D. The first (person) to know, the next train to arrive

We use to ... after the first/second/third etc. and also after the next, the last,
the only:
* If I have any more news, you will be the first (person) to know.
* The next train to arrive at platform 4 will be the 6.50 to Cardiff.
* Everybody was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time.

E. You can say that something is sure/certain/bound/likely to happen:

* She's very intelligent. She's sure/certain/bound to pass the exam.
* I'm likely to be late home this evening. (= I will probably be late home)
Exercise 1 : Write these sentences in another way,
1. It's difficult to understand him.
He is difficult to understand.
2. It's quite easy to use this machine.
This machine is __________________
3. It was very difficult to open the window.
The window ______________________
4. It's impossible to translate some words.
Some words __________________
5. It's not safe to stand on that chair.
That chair ________________________

Exercise 2: Complete the second sentence using the words in brackets + to ...
1. Nobody left before me. (the first)
I was _the first person to leave._
2. Everybody else arrived before Paul. (the last)
Paul was the ___________________
3. Fiona passed the exam. All the other students failed. (the only)
Fiona was _______________________
4. I complained to the restaurant manager about the service. Another customer had
already complained before me. (the second)
I was ________________________
5. Nell Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969. Nobody had done this before him.
(the first)
Neil Armstrong was ___________________________

Exercise 3: Make a new sentence beginning It ... Use one of these adjectives each time:
careless considerate kind nice
1. You did my shopping for me.
_It was kind of you to do my shopping for me._
2. You make the same mistake again and again.
It ---
3. Don and jenny invited me to stay with them.
---
4. John made so much noise when I was trying to sleep.
It wasn't very ---
Richard: Are we going to eat out?
Mary: Sure, where do you want to eat?
Richard: We can eat in the restaurant around the block.
Mary: Oh! I do not like to eat there. It뭩 very crowded.
Richard: But the food there was great.
Mary: I know, but I am too hungry to wait long. Can we eat somewhere else?
Richard: Me too, I am so hungry I can eat a horse. Ok, we will just try the other restaurant on the next street.
Mary: Thank you.

1. Do you eat out? If so, how often?
2. Have you tried eating in a fast food chain? If so, did you enjoy their food?
3. What is your favorite food?
4. Do you enjoy eating foreign foods?
5. What is your favorite restaurant?

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